BHABAR, TARAI, BHANGAR, KHADAR

BHABAR:

·         It lies along the foot of the Shiwaliks from the Indus to the Tista.

·         It is 8 to 16 kms wide.

·         It comprises of pebble- studded rocks in the shape of porus beds.

·         Due to porosity of the rocks, the streams disappear and flow underground.

·         This region is not much suitable for agriculture.

·         It is made up of porous and rocky soils that get made of the debris washed down from the higher ranges.

·         The climate here is subtropical and vegetation is Himalayan subtropical pine forests and Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests.

·         The Himalayan subtropical pine forests are dominated by Chir trees and Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests  are dominated by the sal tree (Shorea robusta).

TARAI:

·         It lies to the south of the Bhabar and run parallel to it.

·         It is 20 to 30 kms wide.

·         It is composed of compara­tively finer alluvium and is covered by forests.

·         The underground streams of the Bhabar re-emerge on the surface and give birth to marshy area.

·         Most parts of the Tarai area are reclaimed for agriculture.

·         The speed of the Himalayan Rivers is slowed down in the Terai region and these rivers deposit fertile silt during the monsoons.

BHANGAR:

·         It is the largest part of Northern plain.

·         It is made up of alluvium.

·         The soil in this region is not renewed frequently, it is old alluvial soil.

·         It is not very fertile.

·         It contains calcareous deposits locally known as 'Kankar '.

·         The Bhangar is the older alluvium along the river beds forming terraces higher than the flood plain.

·         ‘The Barind plains’ in the deltaic region of Bengal and the ‘bhur formations’ in the middle Ganga and Yamuna doab are regional variations of Bhangar.

KHADAR:

·         It is not the largest part of Northern plain.

·         It is made up of new alluvium and fine granules.

·         The soil is frequently renewed due to frequent flooding.

·         It does not contain calcareous deposits of calcium.

·         Suitable foe extensive cultivation.

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